![]() Exclusion criteria included the presence of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, alcoholism or substance abuse, abnormal hepatic or renal function, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, a medical history of ulcers, or women planning a pregnancy or breastfeeding. Briefly, eligible participants were overweight (body mass index 25–35 kg/m 2), nonsmoking men and women aged 18 years or older who habitually consumed coffee (at least two cups per day). The details of this study have been previously described. This is the first randomized trial investigating the effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on SHBG and sex hormones and our findings necessitate further examination in a larger intervention trial. Our data do not indicate a consistent effect of caffeinated coffee consumption on SHBG in men or women, however results should be interpreted with caution given the small sample size. Among women, decaffeinated coffee decreased total and free testosterone and caffeinated coffee decreased total testosterone. Among men, consumption of caffeinated coffee increased total testosterone and decreased total and free estradiol. At week 4, we also observed several differences in hormone concentrations between the treatment groups. At 4 weeks, decaffeinated coffee was associated with a borderline significant increase in SHBG in women, but not in men. No significant differences were found between treatment groups for any of the studied outcomes at week 8. The main outcome measures were SHBG and sex hormones. Participants were randomized to five 6-ounce cups of caffeinated or decaffeinated instant coffee or water (control group) per day consumed with each meal, mid-morning, and mid-afternoon. Healthy adults (n = 42) were recruited from the Boston community who were regular coffee consumers, nonsmokers, and overweight. FindingsĪfter a two-week run-in phase with caffeine abstention, we conducted an 8-week parallel-arm randomized controlled trial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on SHBG and sex hormone levels. ![]() ![]() Findings from observational studies suggest that sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and endogenous sex hormones may be mediators of the putative relation between coffee consumption and lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
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